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Fixed-term contracts have long been the norm for research-only contracts, which are usually dependent on short-term funding from a external grant. However, the Equality Act of 2010, making it discriminatory to enforce retirement by age, has helped to discourage contracts promising ‘permanence’. 2(5)(d) and s.2
However, in 2017, Professor Douglas Webber of Temple University roughly found that for every $1,000 in state budget cuts, students pay an extra $300 – $315 more per year in tuition and fees. And then lastly, there are more services available, particularly medical and, more recently, mental health services. We joke about this.
This movement gained momentum in 2017 when Betsy DeVos , a staunch advocate for school privatization, was appointed as Secretary of Education. Meanwhile, the University of Pennsylvania also experienced significant financial strain due to cuts in federal contracts, which impacted their research funding and innovation.
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